Oil burner



manica-Jan. 25, 193s UNTTED STATI-:s

PATENT OFFICE .My present invention relates to oil burners of the vertical rotary type wherein a rotary burner head or sprayer which is disposed centrally of a hearth within a tire-box is adapted to spray4 liq- 5 uid fuel and air outwardly toward-a flame wall or fire-ring where combustion takes place, and aims to -provide certain improvements therein.

Among the objects of my invention are the following: to provide a device of the type described,

l which, together with all of its associated parts,

can be easily installed, and which, should necessity require, can be re'adily inspected or repaired;

to provide such device wherein the burner head unit is hingedly mounted and can be swung down 15 into the ash pit for inspection and repair without reaching into a hot fire-box; to make such device with all the parts which in use are exposed to the heat of the llame, capable of withstanding such heat for longer periods and of 20 low replacement cost; to provide such device l wherein the burner head and hearth fire-pot are formed as a compact, complete unit whereby the shipping and installation thereof are facilitated,

and to generally improve the eiiiciency andv re-V duce the cost`of such devices.

The foregoing and other objects of my invention will be better understood "from the detailed description which follows, when considered in lconjunction with the accompanying drawings,

' 3;, wherein I have shown a preferred embodiment ofv Figure 1 is a diametricalv section through an oil burningapparatus embodying my invention, certain parts thereof being shown in elevation.

Fig. 2 is a fractional section partlyin elevation showing a manner of mounting the burner head upon a motor shaft.

Fig. 3 isla section taken substantially along the plane of the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. 41 Fig. 4 is an end view on an enlarged scale gil' fne of the oil discharge tubes and its impeller a e. Fig. 5 is a top plan view with parts broken away,l of the apparatus taken from within'the fire-box, the encircling wall of which is shown in section.

Fig. 6 is a section taken substantially along the plane of the line 6 8 'of Fig.' 1.

Fig. 7 is a section taken substantially along the plane of the line 1-'1 of Fig. 1.

Referring to the drawings, let A indicate a water leg of a vertical boiler having an inner wall a defining a fire-box, centrally of which is disposed an oil burner unit B having a. rotatable 5,1 burner head C adapted to be rotated at a high or other heat insulating material 2d and provide rate of speed by any suitable means, suchmas an electric motor D. Preferably the burner head C is mounted to extend above a hearth or bottgm wall E which closes the ylower end of the fire-begr and extends from the water leg of the boiler to- 5- the oil burner unit. The hearth E may be suitably supported upon boiler grate lugs F or upon burner legs G which are yprovided with adjustable screws g and lock nuts 2g whereby the hearth may be properly leveled and given its desired ele- 10 vation.

'I'he oil burner unit B consists of a main casing having a cylindrical wall b formed with circumferentially spaced openings 2b, the top of said casing being formed with an outwardly-extending 5 insaid ring a slot or clearance space for the oil supply pipe H, the innerend of which extends .up through the central opening in the bottom wall 4b and is curved outwardly and downwardly, as best shown in Fig. 1, to provide an oil delivery nozzle h. Secured to the inner face of the wall b in substantially abutting relation thereto and [covering the openings 2b therein is a supplemental wall or metal strip J, which, at the places coincident with the openings 2b in 35 the wall, has disk-like elements formed by cutting through the wall J for'the greater part of circles to provide shutterlike elements j which can be bent inwardly away from the` wall b to vary the degree of the openings through the Wall b 4Q and thereby control the supply of air passing therethrough into the burner. To facilitate the manipulation ofthe disk-like shutters i they may each be centrally provided with an opening 2:' into which a suitable tool or key may be 45 i inserted for adjustment of said shutters from the exterior of the casing B. Above the main casing and secured tothe ange 3b thereof is a burnercasing cover having a cylindrical wall 1b,a bottomoutwardly-extend- 50 ing ilange 8b overlying the flange lband a 'top inwardly-directed ange 9b. Between the flanges 3b and 8b there-is preferably provided an air gap lub for reducing the heat transference from the casing cover to the main casing and main casing and casing cover is a motor shaft l plied to the burner.

extending into the main casing in concentric spaced relation to the cylindrical wall thereof is a plate K which terminates in spaced relation to the bottom wall of the main casing, said plate K being adapted to reduce air and combustion noises and in eect constitute a silencer for the burner.

Extending centrally upwardly through the 3d, which, at its outer end Id is tapered, and for a portion inwardly of said end is of somewhat reduced diameter, beyond which a portion of its length is formed with diametrically opposed axial grooves 5d, the said end of the shaft being adapted to support and centralize the burner head C in a manner which will be presently described. Below said supporting end and extending to a point close to the top'of the motor,

the shaft is preferably hollow and formed with transverse perforations 6d for reducing the heat conductivity of said shaft and for promoting the heat transfer therefrom to the air being supv If desired, this heat transfer can be increased by tting into the openings 8d hollow radiating tubes or projections 1d.

The burner head C or impeller assembly consists of an open oil receiving cup L, the bottom of which is turned or curled inwardly to provide an oil receiving trough l`. The cup L has secured thereto within the top thereof a bracket 2l, which in turn, is connected to a spider formed by a pair of crossed brackets, each of which has two pairs of parallel legs 4l and 5l, the legs 4l terminating at their tops in outwardly-extending arms 6l which are secured to a cover plate 1l, and the upper portions of the legs 6l being connected together and centrally apertured to receive therethrough the end 4d of the motor shaft. For centering the oil receiving cup and impeller upon the motor shaft Id, the bracket 2l has a central opening therethrough for accommodating the motor shaft 3d and extending into said opening are a pair of inwardly and upwardly-directed lips Il for4 engagement within the grooves 5d in the motor shaft for providing a driving connection between said parts. as shown in. Figs. 2 and 3.' As the bottom open end ofthe cupi-L must clear the oil supply nozzle h when mounting the burner head C upon the motor shaft 3d, the opening in the bracket member 2l which is provided with the lips l1, is formed with an elongated offset opening 91, las best shown in Fig. 3. In this connection it may be stated that the manner of mounting the burner head upon the motor shaft and for vcentering the same is substantially the same as disclosed in my co-pending application, Serial No. 542,295, filed June 5, 1931.

Extending upwardly and outwardly from the top of the cup L are a plurality ofY oil ejector nozzles M which are each formed with a longitudinal slot m on the trailing side thereof for the exit of air therefrom, sal nozzles being of small bore and of substantially spiral cross-section and adapted to concentrate the discharge of fuel from the path provided by the ejector Ynozzles. The outer ends of the ejector nozzles preferably extendv in a substantially' horizontal .plane `so that upon rotation of said nozzles at a high rate of speed they will centrifugally discharge oil from the` cup L outwardly toward the wall a of` arcanos therethrough and preferablyV said opening traverses the end of the nozzle, which latter may terminate within said opening, as best shown in Fig. 1, so as to allow a portion of the air which is gathered, compressed and directed outwardly by the fan blade as it revolves to impact the oil being projected from the nozzles to cause atomization of said oil, the said action being somewhat analogous to that of a Venturi tube. As herein shown, the blades N are secured to and carried by the nozzles M, but it will be apparent that if desired, said blades can equally'well be secured.

to the cover plate 1l. The cover plate 1l has downwardly-extending peripheral arms |01 disposed between the fan blades N so as to promote the fan action of the burner head.

The hearth E is disposed where normally the top of the grates would be in a coal burning furnace, and said hearth may be supported either upon the lugs F, or where this is not practicable or desirable, other independent supporting meanssuch as the legs G may be availed of. As herein shown, the hearth E consists of a hearth partition or extension plate e seating upon the lugs F, a centrally split burner frame or hearth partition O mounted upon the plate e, hearth insulation material 3e disposed over the plate e and burner frame O, a base plate 4e which may be formed integral with a fire-ring wall 5e extending upwardly from the hearth and spaced inwardly adjacent the fire-box wall, a circumferential series of upstanding air deiiector ribs Se mounted at the base of the fire-ring and spaced inwardly therefrom, and a perforated refractory wall 1e, which. with the wall 5e, and wall 8e provides a hollow flame retaining 'chamber. Preferably the two sections o of the burner frame are interconnected by hinges 2o located on the under side of said plates, as best shown in Fig. 5, the hinged connection between said parts o being such as to permit the two sections to4 fold up with the under sides thereof facing each other. When opened up and disposed uponthe partition plate e or supported upon the connecting members 3a of the legs G, the burner frame sections o become a ilat ring.

vThe burner frame O has a central opening through which the burner head and a part of the burner casing extend and it is preferable that said burner frame should serve as the supporting means for the oil burner unit. Accordingly, one of the burnerirame sections o' is provided on its under side with a pair of depending lugs 3o which support a hinge pin 4o. The burner unit B is provided with a pair of hooks I Ib preferably supported by main casing thereof, said hooks being adapted to engage around the hinge pin 40, as best shown in Figs. 1and'6. To hold the burner unit in its upright position in engagement with the burner frame O, any suitable cooperating securing means may be provided on said burner frame and burner unit at a point diametrically opposite to the hinge. As herein shown, I prefer to hold said parts in assembled relation by providing a bolt 5o extending downwardly from the burner frame' and by forming a slot in the anges 3b and 8b through which said bolt may pass, and holding said burner head in position through the medium of a single means arcanes Y i e 3 such as a removable nut 6o engaging said bolt below said flanges. It will thus be seen that by removing the nut 6o, the burner unit as a whole will swing downwardly into the ash pit below thev hearth around the hinge pin lo, in` which position it maybe inspected or slight adjustments made. Should the unit require further detailed inspection or repair it may be completely disengaged from the hinge pin by liftingthe hooks therefrom., To insulate the burner casing from the hearth; a ring P of asbestos or other insulating material may be disposed between the burner frame O and the flange 8b.

While the oil burner unit disclosed may be used with various types or constructions of fire-rings Y mounted upon the hearth, I prefer to use a firewall 1c through the openings 9e in said .wall

into the chamber of the fire-ring. I also prefer to provide deflector means Ie at the rear of the .wall 1e, said deilector means being preferably formed-by partially cutting through disks from the wall 1e in the course of perforating said wall and bending said, disks backwardly, in which position they will deflect the blasts of air which pass. through said perforations 9e and increase turbulence within the annular chamber and thereby prevent said air currents from setting vup a sufficient draft to carry away the flame.

A pilot or othier ignition means (not shown) may be provided near the inner face of the flrering at the hearth level-thereof orwithin the chamber formed by the walls ofthe iirering. for

. igniting the combustible mixture of fuel and airupon reaching the fire-ring.

With an oil burner construction and attendant Y parts as hereinbefore described, it will be appreciated that it is possible to ship in compact form a burner that may be applied to a heating plant by unskilled labor and in less time than has been heretofore required foranalogous installations: The burner frame with specially trained labor. or hearth partition O beingof a two-piece hinged construction needs only to be folded, slipped into the fire-box, and unfolded so `as to rest upon the grate lugs, or burner legs where lugs are not available for supporting the burner frame. The insulation 3e in sheet or cement form can next be applied as part of the partition or hearth.

In the case of a round 'or almost square boiler only two split metal sections of the flame ring Ie-Se need thenbecentrally placed upon the partition. Perforated metal wall 1e is then placed in-position. and after sealing the outer edges of the partition or any other point from which possible air leaks between it and the inner surface of the flre-box can take place, the burner unit may behooked into position by the novel hinge arrangement described, and swung and fastened into place. With the connecting of the oil line, the electric current and proper automatic controls and the ignition means, the burner is ready for operation. This burner structure -combination, it will be apparent, simplifies installation of the burner by eliminating complicated hearth constructions, and because oi.' the rigid uniform structure of both the burner mechanism and the partition or burner frame,l it k rarely necessary to level the burner within'the fire-box since the burner mechanism and the flame ring automatically line up.. It will thus be appreciated that the necessity for reaching into a hot fire-box to re 5 move the oil and air distributing head has been eliminated, for by simply removing-one locknut and disconnecting the oil line, the burner mechanism can be swung down into the ash pit section of the furnace, whereupon the distributing 1u headmay be removed, or, if any part needs closer inspection, repairs or replacement, the wholel burner mechanism may be unhooked as hereinbefore described. The burner construction being of a unitary character makes quick interchange 15 of units possible so that uninterrupted heat can l be maintained should repairsin the unit become necessary.

While I have shown and described al preferred construction of my invention and the manner in 20 which the same may be operated, it is to b e understoodv that I do noty wish to be limited to the detalls of construction disclosed. since modiflca- 'tions thereof may be resorted to ywithout departing from the spirit of theinvention. 25

What I claim is.: I 1. An oil burner comprising an ejector nozzle mounted for rotation in a path non-coincident with its own axis for throwing off oil centrifugally, and an impeller blade carried by and mov- 30 able with said ejector nozzle, aid blade extending in substantially the axial plane of the nozzle at an angle to the path of rotation of the nozzle end. v

2. An oil burner comprising an ejector nozzle 35 t mounted for rotation in a path non-coincident with its own axis for throwingoifoil centrifugally, and an impeller blade movable with said ejectornozzle, said .blade extending in substantially the axial plane ofthe ejector end of said 40 nozzle at an angle to the path of rotation of the nozzle end and said 'blade having an opening therethrough beyond vthe ejector end of said nozzle.

3. An oil burner comprising an ejector 4Anozzle 45 4. An oil burner comprising an ejector nozzle -mounted for rotation in a path non-coincident 55 with its ownaxis for centrifugally discharging oil, said nozzle being slotted longitudinally on the trailing side thereof for the exit of air therefrom, an impeller blaxle for discharging air, said blade being carried by'said nozzle, and means for rotatso.

ing the nozzle and the blade as a unit in a circular 5. An oil burner comprising. in'combination, a nre-box, a vertical rotary -oll burner unit disposed centrally thereof anda hearth closing the bottom es of the nre-box and extending to the burner unit, said burner unit comprising a head which extends above said hearth into the fire-box, ejector nozzles for centrifugally discharging oil ltherefrom, said nozzlesbeing slotted longitudinally on the 70 trailing sides thereof for the exit of air therefrom, a cover plate disposedjabove said nozzles but spaced therefrom and impeller blades movable with said cover plate and said ejector nozzles.

I. A liquid fuel burner comprising a rotary u 4 2.10amv head, ejector nozzles attached to said head and adaptedto centrifugally project fuel therefrom, the discharge ends of said nozzles being o small bore of substantially spiral cross-section, and an impeller blade xed to the outer end of each nozzle and rotatable therewith.

7. A liquid fuel burner'comprising a rotary head, ejector nozzles attached to said head and adapted to centritugally project fuel therefrom,

rent of air adjacent the discharge .end of an ejector nozzle during rotation of the head.

' v OSCAR J. APPEL. 

